Astronaut is a person who has to undergo flight training in the program to lead the outer man, an airplane, a crew or outer space. The term "astronauts" is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the cosmonaut who came from the United States or friendly countries, with a different cosmonaut who came from the Soviet Union / Russia. Is the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Since the year 2003 is also known taikonot term (although not the Chinese government's official term), cosmonaut from China. Taikonot first is Yang Liwei.
Cosmonaut cosmonaut-first, both in the U.S. and the Soviet Union, is usually the fighter pilot - generally examiner pilot-pilot - with a military background. Military cosmonaut usually receive special qualifications, known in the U.S. with the name Astronaut Badge after completing training and the flight to space.
Cosmonaut international
Until the end of the 1970s only the United States and the Soviet cosmonaut who is active. At 1976 the Soviet Intercosmos program started with a group of 6-cosmonaut from a country other socialist countries, the second group followed the practice in 1978. At around the time that is almost the same in 1978 European Space Agency External 4 cosmonaut choose to practice for their first Spacelab mission on the plane back alik NASA. At the 1980 French election cosmonaut they start (they are called "spasionot"), followed by Germany in 1982, Canada in 1983, Japan in 1985, Italy in 1988 and Malaysia in 2007.
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