Enigma machine is a machine that is used to make secred code and descript message encript confidential. Enigma patented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius, and originally used for commercial purposes, but later famous as it is used by the government army and Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Technically, including the Enigma machine rotor Electromechanical engine family, which has a different model. The name is taken from Enigma aenigma Latin word, which means that puzzle.

Version of Enigma is the most popular used by the Wehrmacht (army Nazi Germany). This machine, used by the Nazi started in 1928, was initially regarded as teraman cryptography engine in the world, but eventually can be solved by the confederate, so that this machine would hurt Nazi party. Splitting method (decryption) engine was first found in 1932 by kriptografer from Poland Biuro Szyfrów (Office Password), Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski. However, in the 1939 German Enigma mendisain back so that the method can not be used again. Thanks to the information from Poland, Britain and France finally succeeded in creating the new Enigma engine breaker, which is named bombe. Information obtained from the solution partners called ULTRA Enigma, which is very important victory for the associate in the World War II. According to experts, World War II ended two years more quickly thanks to this breakthrough Enigma. Read More......

Sosrobahu technique

Sosrobahu technique is a construction technique that is used mainly to play the shoulders of concrete road layang arm and found by Tjokorda RAKA Sukawati. With this technique, arms roads "layang" placed parallel to the street below, and then rotated 90 ° so that the development does not disrupt the flow of traffic on the streets below.

This technique is considered very helpful in making "layang" roads in big cities in the obvious constraints that have limited space given to the city, especially during the construction and operation of infrastructure development should not disrupt the activities of the community, particularly traffic flow and the vehicle can not be stopped only because of the way.

In the 1980s, Jakarta is already experiencing traffic congestion problems, build roads "layang" many as one of the solutions to improve traffic infrastructure. As a contractor at the time, PT. Hutama order to get a paper road on the road pass by A. Yani where development should ensure that the road should still work.

With the problems, the directors discussed Hutama paper after layang order to build the road between Tanjung Priok Cawang until around 1987. Diurai complex issues, which needed to sustain the body the way it is aligning concrete pole, the other one is 30 meters, on top of concrete pillar selebar extends 22 meters. Trunk vertical (Pier shaft) hexagon-shaped ribbed middle 4 meters, standing in the median. This is not difficult, the most difficult thing is fill the arms with cement (Pier head). If the conventional way, which is done is install iron buffer (bekesting) under the arms exposition, but it will clog bekesting road below. Another way is by hanging bekesting but costs more expensive.

When Tjokorda improve kendaraannya, nose-made Mercedes cars in 1974 was appointed with his jack, so the two rear wheels rest on the floor because of the slippery oil spillage ceceran accidentally. Once the car is left out, rotate the body of the car with a jack shaft axis. One thing he recorded, in the science of physics to negate moving style, objects as heavy any will be easy to move. Gen. earlier provide inspiration hydraulic pump that can be used to lift heavy objects, and when is based on a slippery surface, things are easy to move. Shade Tjokorda friction arm is 480 tons of concrete seberat it.

Tjokorda then create an experiment to create the linear cylinder 20 cm, are made as a hydraulic jack and load concrete seberat be 80 tons. The result can be lifted and can rotate a bit but can not get off when removed. Is in fact a jack sloping position. Tjokorda then to improve it. Its position is determined exactly in center of gravity arm on top of concrete.

To create a design that fit, basic primary law Pascal says: "When the liquid in a closed space given pressure, the pressure will be all the way." Liquid oil is used oil (lubricant). When pressure P is inserted in the space of A, it will rise to the style (F) of P multiplied A. The formula is combined with a few parameters and gives the name of Sukawati formula, according to his name. This formula original idea because until that time there were no books for membahasnya not have needs.

Another problem that appears to have mempengaruhinya variables, including type of oil that is used that should not be damaged kekentalannya (viskositas). Affairs of oil into the oil because this is crucial to continue the pressure to lift the weight of the concrete.
1. Build a pillar of the road.
2. Arms concrete road built in the path between two streets, a street parallel with the solid underneath.
3. Concrete way of playing arm by 90 degrees. Layang any way and then built on this arm.

After all finished, Tjokorda the final draft of a platform play for concrete arm named Platform Play Free barriers (LBPH). Two disc shaped (discoid) iron ribbed middle 80 cm of each other menangkup. Although the thickness 5 cm, plates of cast iron FCD-50 is capable of holding 625 tons burden.

Into the space between the two disc dipompakan oil is oil. A seal (cover) rubber insulate the cavity between the edge of the iron plates to keep the oil is not pushed out, although in the high pressure. Through small pipes, oil in tangkupan plate is connected with a hydraulic pompoa. Hydraulic system that is able to lift the load when the load is given 78 kg/cm2 pressure. This figure is in fact a number of mystery Tjokorda at that time. Read More......

Astronaut

Astronaut is a person who has to undergo flight training in the program to lead the outer man, an airplane, a crew or outer space. The term "astronauts" is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the cosmonaut who came from the United States or friendly countries, with a different cosmonaut who came from the Soviet Union / Russia. Is the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Since the year 2003 is also known taikonot term (although not the Chinese government's official term), cosmonaut from China. Taikonot first is Yang Liwei.

Cosmonaut cosmonaut-first, both in the U.S. and the Soviet Union, is usually the fighter pilot - generally examiner pilot-pilot - with a military background. Military cosmonaut usually receive special qualifications, known in the U.S. with the name Astronaut Badge after completing training and the flight to space.

Cosmonaut international

Until the end of the 1970s only the United States and the Soviet cosmonaut who is active. At 1976 the Soviet Intercosmos program started with a group of 6-cosmonaut from a country other socialist countries, the second group followed the practice in 1978. At around the time that is almost the same in 1978 European Space Agency External 4 cosmonaut choose to practice for their first Spacelab mission on the plane back alik NASA. At the 1980 French election cosmonaut they start (they are called "spasionot"), followed by Germany in 1982, Canada in 1983, Japan in 1985, Italy in 1988 and Malaysia in 2007.

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